Personal Code of Ethics Essay

â€Å"In the setting of a code embraced by a calling or by a legislative or semi administrative organ to manage that calling, a moral code might be styled as a code of expert duty, which may shed troublesome issues of what conduct is â€Å"ethical†. A few codes of morals are frequently declared by the (semi ) legislative organization liable for authorizing a calling. Infringement of these codes might be dependent upon authoritative (for example loss of permit), common or punitive cures. Different codes can be authorized by the declaring association alone; infringement of these codes are typically constrained to loss of participation in the association. Different codes are only warning and there are no endorsed solutions for infringement or even techniques for deciding if an infringement even occurred† (Wikipedia, 2007). At the point when we are called upon to decide, a few variables are thought about before this choice can be made. Contingent upon the kind of choice, su ch factors could be social convictions, individual convictions, and authoritative convictions. We have come to understand that there are major difficulties in attempting to apply moral standards in a social and authoritative condition. Each culture has one of a kind differentiations in values, which could possibly be viewed as moral by every person inside society. These distinctions in culture and individual convictions impact any choice, regardless of whether individual or expert, of any person. Certain societies inside the work power may choose not to stick to hierarchical sets of accepted rules due to individual emotions, yet in addition due to the fluctuating contrasts in social foundations. The plan of this paper is to distinguish values that are essential to me by and by, authoritatively, and socially, and the impacts that these qualities have onEthics 3decision creation with respect to my own and expert life. Trustworthiness, uprightness, dedication, and regard are profoundly esteemed and these qualities are available in my regular day to day existence. â€Å"A code of morals is regularly a conventional articulation of the organization’s values on certain moral and social issues. Some set out general standards about an organization’s convictions on issues, for example, quality, representatives or nature. Others set out the techniques to be utilized in explicit moral circumstances â€, for example, irreconcilable situations or the acknowledgment of blessings, and portray the strategies to decide if an infringement of the code of morals happened and, assuming this is the case, what cures ought to be forced. The adequacy of such codesâ of morals relies upon the degree to which to the executives underpins them with approvals and prizes. Infringement of a private organization’s code of morals for the most part can expose the violator to the organization’s cures (in a business setting, this can mean end of work; in a participation setting, this can mean removal). Obviously, certain demonstrations that establish an infringement of a code of morals may likewise disregard a law or guideline and can be rebuffed by the suitable administrative organ. They are frequently not part of any progressively broad hypothesis of morals yet acknowledged as down to business necessities. Moral codes are particular from moral codes that may apply to the way of life, training, and religion of an entire society. Indeed, even associations and networks that might be viewed as criminal may have their own moral set of accepted rules, be it official or informal. Models could be programmers, criminals, or even road gangs† (Wikipedia, 2007). As indicated by Probation Officers Association of Ontario (2006), To help Probation Officers in keeping up the uprightness of their calling by maintaining and propelling the reason, information, morals and estimations of the probation field consistently. This Code ofEthics 4Ethics will along these lines give a standard of training to empower all post trial agents to satisfy their objectives and destinations to the Offender, the Courts, the Community and the Criminal Justice System. To the calling post trial agents Shall: Encourage moral direct by all individuals from the calling, have a duty to partners to build up a working relationship of common regard and collaboration, advance the way of thinking and morals of the calling with new associates, look for counsel and use the aptitude of partners and bosses, contribute their mastery so as to advance the trustworthiness and skill of the calling to the general population, keep current with rising information pertinent to the probation field and will add to the information base of the profession† To Courts, Criminal Justice and Community, Probation Officers Shall: Strive to give the most noteworthy gauge of administration to the Courts and Judiciary through the arrangement of value reports, declaration and examinations, post trial agents will consistently act in a way that maintains the nobility of the Court, as an indispensable piece of the all out Criminal Justice System maintain and regard the precepts, de cides and elements of that System, advance mindfulness among different individuals ofâ the Criminal Justice System, of the methods of reasoning, capacities and jobs of Probation Officers, know about their job in shielding the network from crime and in the advancement of projects for the prevention† â€Å"To the Offender Probation Officers Shall: Provide administration to the wrongdoer to the limit of their expert expertise, capacity and skill, keep up an expert relationship consistently to stay away from irreconcilable situation, advance uniformity in each regard in this way protecting the nobility and privileges of guilty parties, make a constructive environment for change that will urge wrongdoers to understand their objectives and possibilities by takingEthics 5advantage of preparing, treatment and administrations gave, Inform the guilty party of lawful rights to and his obligations in the Criminal Justice System, make the guilty party mindful of the duties and obligations of the Probation Officer inside the Criminal Justice System, regard the security of the guilty party and the secrecy of data subject to legitimate and strategy parameters† What I have encountered over my 26 years of living, both actually and expertly, structures my musings, convictions and sentiment s and accordingly drives what I can call my own code of morals. The accompanying quickly depicts the center standards that I keep up: Honesty †I immovably accept that trustworthiness is the best strategy. It should be an outrageous circumstance that includes genuine injury; harm or different misfortune that will persuade me that not being honest is ideal. I understand that reality can frequently be excruciating, can cause outrage, doubt and disdain however I feel that on the off chance that I have been honest and given somebody the entirety of the data, they will potentially hold me in a higher respect. This trustworthiness will ideally permit a more prominent trust among us and future dealings will be more averse to be stressed. Lawful †I am an individual that keeps the traditions that must be adhered to. I feel that it isn't right to take, cheat, lie or deceive with the goal to make an individual addition. I endeavor to be a well behaved resident. I sincerely don't think there is a distinction among individual and expert code of morals, which makes it difficult to look at, yet what I accept is that, â€Å"A individual code of ethics† is just a conviction framework in which you do a few things since they are â€Å"good,† and abstain from doing different things since they are â€Å"bad.† Formal law has almost no to do with an individual code of morals. You create and are liable for this code without anyone else, however your folks and social contacts have a great deal to do with it. Here is a model: There are not many spots in which a spectator has any legalEthics 6obligation to go to the guide of an outsider. But, individuals help out others all the time †on the grounds that it is the â€Å"right† activity in their conviction frameworks. References Word related Outlook Handbook, 2006-07 Edition (2006). Post trial supervisors andCorrectional Treatment Specialists. Recovered October 13, 2007, fromhttp://www.bls.govWikipedia (2007). Code of Ethics. Retrived October 20, 2007, fromhttp://www.wikipedia.org

HIV Essay Samples Can Help You Improve Your Skills

HIV Essay Samples Can Help You Improve Your SkillsHIV essay samples can help you when it comes to writing an essay about your topic. Writing is not easy but it can be made easier by some samples that are available online. An essay can be a very successful means of presentation, especially if it is well written.HIV essay samples can be found in many websites where writers can learn from the experts. These sources can provide answers and also help you when it comes to organizing the information. You can also find ways in which you can prepare a thesis statement and then start with the research that you need to do.HIV essay samples can help you with different aspects of writing. They can help you make sure that the contents of your essay is presented in a persuasive manner. The information that you include in your essay is very important for it is going to be the first step in helping you win the competition. It is very essential that you learn how to present the information that you ha ve acquired.These essays are very important because it is where the writer attempts to use their knowledge and intelligence to find out what other people's opinions are about a certain subject. When you are writing an essay, it is necessary that you are able to apply the right approach so that you can find an effective way of explaining the information. You can be assured that these essays are very useful in presenting information to the reader.One of the most important aspects of writing these essays is that you need to follow the correct format because it can help you get the desired results. You should know how to write an essay in a very efficient manner. In other words, you should learn the correct form in which you are supposed to write an essay.HIV essay samples can also help you learn how to organize your information. You should note that this information is something that will be used in your essay. Therefore, you should make sure that the information you give is organized so that it can help you present it in a convincing manner.HIV essay samples can also help you identify the sources that you will need to use in order to present your information. These sources can be of great importance because they help you get the information you need. In addition, you should be aware of the type of data that you will need to use in order to present your information in a convincing manner.HIV essay samples can help you improve your skills in writing an essay. You can learn how to present the information that you have acquired in a proper manner. You can use this information when you are preparing a thesis statement or when you are writing an essay about something else.

Discrimination and Sexual Harassment Free Essays

string(168) of segregation and lewd behavior are markers of leaders’ needs and of which â€Å"types† of representatives are esteemed (Morrison von Glinow 67). Most Americans can follow their forerunners back to some nation over the seas or the Mexican-American or Canadian-American fringes. Every ethnic gathering has improved American culture with its own specific kinds of music, nourishment, customs, and dress. It normally takes at least two ages for the individuals from another settler gathering to turn out to be adequately retained into the life of a network that they lose their different personality. We will compose a custom article test on Segregation and Sexual Harassment or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Some ethnic gatherings †primarily those of brown complexion hues †never accomplish all out acknowledgment. Individuals worried about improving gathering relations in their association must prepare for such clichã ©s as â€Å"I’m not prejudiced† and â€Å"I treat all individuals the equivalent. † Even the most â€Å"liberal† people don't treat all individuals the equivalent. Additionally, they ought not. All individuals are biased possibly in support of others. Be that as it may, it is practices, not mentalities, which include the significant gathering issues standing up to chiefs and directors. There are numerous laws against oppressive practices, however there are none against biased perspectives. The ethnic partialities found in neighborhoods, schools, and employments originate from two principle sources: (1) the qualities and convictions people gain from others, and (2) the pressures and disappointments all individuals experience while contending with others, particularly the individuals who are socially unique. Race and bigotry, outgrowths of bias, disturb association practices (Shepherd Penna 34). Social assorted variety changes the association by giving new HR and administrative difficulties to bosses. As the United States encounters deficiencies of talented specialists, most associations ought to discover approaches to ideally use multicultural laborers. This frequently involves managing representatives who have various perspectives toward time, status and jobs, connections, duty, dynamic, and innovation (Goldstein Leopold 45). Moreover, as the nation’s workforce is reshaped regarding age, sex, racial arrangement, and national source, the test to chiefs and administrators is amplified; directors must take solid authority in dispensing with segregation and lewd behavior in the working environment. Abbasi Hollman 96). On the off chance that association devises a development technique to adapt to separation and lewd behavior the outcome will be the triumphs an association will understanding. In the first place, administrators should assume job: in the administration of assorted variety activities so as to convey perpetual change in authoritative culture, frameworks, and structures; should work in a coordinated association inside their association to actualize decent variety effectively; second, social and sex assorted variety incorporates each worker, along these lines, directors and managers must know about their qualities, inspirations, correspondence styles, perspectives, and necessities. Contentions that help the proposal 1. Aiding across societies at working environment can be practiced uniquely with the help of all around prepared chief Most segregation and lewd behavior issues are established in the association culture. Surely, bunch treatment is another option. Another option is governmental policy regarding minorities in society intended to change employments. One reason chiefs and bosses are constantly disappointed is on the grounds that the social issues they are called upon to comprehend are themselves the results of a bigger social condition. Much of the time, for instance, an estranged worker’s issue goals depends not on their change in accordance with a current circumstance however rather on being moved to another activity or another organization. This sort of ecological change is designed according to milieu treatment. Obviously numerous minorities and ladies don't get the assist they with requiring in light of the fact that organization assets are not receptive to their requirements. The more powerful bosses carry on in the accompanying way: 1. They see every worker as a crucial piece of the association. 2. They see all staff emphatically, in light of the fact that whatever reduces anyone’s self (e. . , embarrassment, segregation, corruption, disappointment) has no spot in a socially touchy association. 3. They permit and accommodate individual and social contrasts. 4. They figure out how representatives see things. Since affectability to their own emotions is an essential to successful initiative, it is useful for managers to have greatest self-knowledge. For certain executives, this is an indispensable piece of their character; for other people, it must be scholarly. A developing number of chairmen are taking an interest in some sort of affectability preparing. On the off chance that it is valid, that aiding across societies can be cultivated distinctly with the help of a more beneficial individual. A laborer needn't bother with direction from an executive who is a bigot. Nor does a female worker need a misogynist boss. The more successful manager is an adult individual who capacities with empathetic proficiency, who can help their subordinates to take care of their issues without falling back on pity, frenzy, or acquiescence. This kind of manager keeps up proficient parity and keeps their point of view with self-knowledge and silliness. When decent variety related issues are distinguished, supervisors should move with incredible consideration when actualizing change. A few activities, albeit good natured, will just worsen the issues. Anything that disturbs the current progression of work exercises can cause extra grumblings and stress. 2. Assorted variety related authority is a significant authoritative factor deciding the degree of segregation Without the full responsibility of upper-level pioneers in an association, separation and lewd behavior activities are probably going to come up short and in this way unfair practices are probably not going to be finished (Cox Blake 8). Nonetheless, it is likewise important to look underneath the upper-most levels to inspect the manners by which the practices and choices of mid-level administration and direct directors may likewise sustain segregation and lewd behavior. Upper-level administration at the most elevated levels of initiative in associations, the CEO, the top supervisory group (TMT), and the corporate board are instrumental in deciding the course that the association will take concerning segregation and inappropriate behavior. Pioneers should initially perceive the potential for segregation in customary authoritative practices and structures and should trust in the need to esteem all workers and evacuate snags to their prosperity (Stoner Russell-Chapin 13). The CEO and top supervisory crew settle on significant choices in regards to hierarchical methodologies and assets, and they convey the organization’s needs to all individuals and partner gatherings (Chevrier 45). The degree to which pioneers decide to underscore comprehensiveness in the organization’s system and the degree to which assets (I. . , work force, cash, time) are committed to dispensing with all types of separation and lewd behavior are pointers of leaders’ needs and of which â€Å"types† of representatives are esteemed (Morrison von Glinow 67). You read Segregation and Sexual Harassment in classification Papers Top-level pioneers can likewise debilitate separation and inappropriate behavior by executing frameworks of responsibility that make rewards dependent upon meeting assorted variety objectives. After the corporate board and TMT have chosen to seek after an authoritative change procedure all through the association, the job of the CEO is especially significant. Cox and Blake (1991) contended that for champions for decent variety are expected to authorize changeâ€and the CEO is in an excellent situation to energetically seek after change, to good example the practices required for change, and to assist the association with moving forward. Such a pioneer can assist with building up a comprehensive hierarchical culture through tireless correspondence of and noticeable help for all projects and arrangements planned for lessening separation and lewd behavior (Morrison von Glinow 89). Likewise, when victories happen, the person in question would furnish prizes and understandings steady with the ideal qualities. As such, a CEO who shows pledge to dispensing with all types of separation and lewd behavior all through the association may assume a urgent job in changing an association from solid (unicultural) to multicultural. The nature of pioneer subordinate connections is likewise a significant thought for segregation and inappropriate behavior in associations. Top notch pioneer part trades (LMX) might be less inclined to create between pioneer subordinate dyads made out of people who are demographically unique (Hiller Day 34). However, in light of the fact that LMX relationship quality is believed to be vital for the entrance that subordinates get to assets, data, significant systems, and openings, great LMX associations with various subordinates are one key to fighting separation inappropriate behavior in associations. At last, those supervisors who build up top notch LMX associations with the entirety of their workers without oppressing minority subordinates will be in a superior situation to use the entirety of their HR (Douglas et al. 8). In reality, ongoing proof exhibited that offices wherein racial minorities detailed top notch LMX associations with their supervisors had higher benefits than offices where minorities revealed low-quality LMX connections (Nishii, Mayer, Goldstein, Dotan 19). 3. Without joining of balance objectives inside the more extensive business assorted variety situated methodology the association won't create ope

Alienated Labor Essay - 1100 Words

Alienated Labor (Essay Sample) Content: Alienated LaborStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstitutionTo be alienated from something is the situation where one lacks wholeheartedly the identification with something and instead regards it as strange and perhaps an obstacle in oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s way. An individual speaks of alienation only in situations where there is a preceding anticipation that one will recognize with the idea in question as oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s own or closely connected to or continuous with oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s self. Estranged labor can be separated into four aspects of alienated labor this include: alienation from oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s action of laboring, from oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s indispensable human nature, and to conclude from the other human beings as an outcome of the character of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s work. This essay will look at the concept of alienated labor in details.The alienated laborer normally finds no joy in the work that he does, and he ends at benefiting herself and not the community by her work. Features of ali enated labor are objective in that the alienated laborer lacks freedom to choose whether or not to labor and in what traditions to labor and this lack of the freedom of choosing may bring about negative attitude towards the job. One being estranged is not just to endure various unconstructive characteristics in oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s occupational life. Besides, one must act in response to these characteristics by experiencing oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s work as alien rather than as a fraction of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s life with which one unconditionally identifies (Marx, 1844).Realization of labor appears to be a diminution that the worker is actually diminished to the point of starvation. Objectification appears to be a loss of the object that the worker is robbed of the most essential objects both in life and the aims of achieving her career goals. In reality, work itself becomes a thing of which he can take possession only with the greatest effort and that he can take possession only with the greatest eff ort and with most unpredictable interruptions. In most cases, the appropriation of the object appear as the alienation that the more objects the workers produces, the fewer he can own and the more he falls under the domination of his product, of capital.In labor alienation, the worker is related to the product of his labor as to an actual alien object. According to this principle, the more the laborer exerts himself, the poorer his inner world become, and the less there is that belongs to him from his labor. In most cases the worker commits himself in the production of the commodity; finally the products no longer owned by him but to the objective. At times, the more the effort the worker, the more, poorer he becomes. What the product of his hand is he is not. The more the value of the products produced the poorer the worker. In the process of externalization of the product makes the work to be an object, that is an external existence, and it exists outside the worker independently, an autonomous power, an alien, and opposed to the worker. The life given to an object conflicts the worker as a hostile and an alien (Marx,1844).When the worker is forced by compulsion of economic necessity to go to work as a factory worker, he does not only experience himself as unfree but also does not identify himself even halfheartedly with his labor role. Externalization and estrangement are consequences of social structures that oppress people, denying them their essential humanity. Alienation is am objective condition inherent in the social and economic arrangements of capitalism. All the forms of production result in objectification, a process in which people manufacture goods that embody their imaginative talents yet come to set apart from their producers (Marx,1844). Under capitalism, the fruits of production belong to the employers, who expropriate the surplus created by others and in so doing generate alienated labor. Alienation of the worker from the product itself mak es the act of production to become meaningless activity; hence it offers little or no intrinsic satisfaction. At times alienation affects the state of the mind and it brings about the feelings of powerlessness, discontent, and isolation at work especially when it takes place within the context of large, interpersonal, bureaucratic social organization.Alienation of labor makes a worker to become a slave to his objects, in that first he gets an article of labor that is, he gets labor, and secondly, he also receives the means of subsistence. The first one enables him to exist as a worker and the second as a physical subject. The terminus of this slavery is that he can only maintain himself as a physical subject so far as he is a worker, and only as a physical of the worker. Estranged labor turns manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s being both environment and his religious species possessions, into a being strange to him, into a way to his personality reality, it estranges manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s individual body fr om him, as it does exterior nature and his religious essence, his human being (Marx, 1844).Externalization of labor makes the worker not to be part of his nature-and not to affirm himself to his work but deny himself, it makes him to feel miserable and unhappy, and he develops no free material and mental power but mortifies his flesh and ruins his brains. The worker feels at ease at the time he is only outside work, and during work he is outside himself. He feels to be at home when he is not working and at the time...

French Surname Meanings and Origins

Coming from the medieval French word surnom, which translates as above-or-over name, descriptive surnames names trace their use in France back to 11th century when it first became necessary to add a second name to distinguish between individuals with the same given name. Even so, the use of surnames did not become common for several centuries. Patronymic Matronymic Surnames Based on a parent’s name, patronyms and matronyms are the most common method by which French last names were constructed. Patronymic surnames are based on the fathers name and matronymic surnames on the mothers name. The mothers name was usually used only when the fathers name was unknown. Patronymic and matronymic surnames in France were formed in several different ways. The majority of French patronymic and matronymic surnames have no identifying prefix and are direct derivations of the parents given name, such as August Landry, for August, son of Landri, or Tomas Robert, for Tomas, son of Robert. The typical format of attaching a prefix or suffix meaning son of (e.g., de, des, du, lu,  or  the Norman fitz) to a given name was less common in France than in many European countries, although still prevalent. Examples include Jean de Gaulle, meaning John, son of Gaulle, or Tomas FitzRobert, or Tomas, son of Robert. Suffixes meaning little son of (-eau, -elet, -elin, -elle, -elet, and so forth) were also used. Occupational Surnames Also very common among French surnames, occupational last names are based on the person’s job or trade, such as Pierre Boulanger or Pierre, the baker. Several common occupations found prevalently as French surnames include Caron (cartwright), Fabron (blacksmith), and  Pelletier (fur trader). Descriptive Surnames Based on a unique quality of the individual, descriptive French surnames were often developed from nicknames or pet names, such as Jacques Legrand, for Jacques, the Big. Other common examples include Petit (small) and LeBlanc (blonde hair or fair complexion). Geographical Surnames Geographical or habitational French surnames are based on a person’s residence, often a former residence (for example, Yvonne Marseille means Yvonne from the village of Marseille). They may also describe the individuals specific location within a village or town, such as Michel Là ©glise, who lived  next to the church.  The prefixes de, des, du, and le (which translate to of) are also used in French geographical surnames.   Alias Surnames or Dit Names In some areas of France, a second surname may have been adopted to distinguish between different branches of the same family, especially when the families remained in the same town for generations. These alias surnames can often be found preceded by the word dit. Sometimes an individual even adopted the dit name as the family name and dropped the original surname. This practice was most common in France among soldiers and sailors. French Names With Germanic Origins As so many French surnames are derived from first names, its important to know that many common French first names have Germanic origins. However, these names became part of French culture as a result of German invasions, so having a name with Germanic origins does not necessarily mean you have German ancestors. Official Name Changes in France Beginning in 1474, those who wished to change their names were required to get permission from the King. (These official name changes can be found indexed in L Archiviste Jà ©rà ´me. Dictionnaire des changements de noms de 1803–1956 (Dictionary of changed names from 1803 to 1956). Paris: Librairie Francaise, 1974.) 100 Common French Surnames and their Meanings Abadie (abbey or family chapel)Alarie (all-powerful)Allard (noble)Anouilh (slow worm)Archambeau (bold, daring)Arsenault (gun maker, keeper of the arsenal)Auclair (clear)Barbeau (a type of fish, fisherman)Barbier (barber)Bassett (low, short, or of humble origins)Baudelaire (small sword, dagger)Beauregard (beautiful outlook)Beausoleil (beautiful sun, a sunny place)Bellamy (beautiful friend)Berger (shepherd)Bisset (weaver)Blanchet (blond, pure)Bonfils (good son)Boucher (butcher)Boulanger (baker)Brun (dark hair or complexion)Camus (snub-nosed, shirt-maker)Carpentier (carpenter)Carre (square)Cartier (transporter of goods)Chapelle (near the chapel)Charbonnier (who sells or makes charcoal)Chastain (chestnut tree)Chatelain (constable, prison warder from the Latin word  castellum, meaning â€Å"watchtower†)Chevalier (knight, horseman)Chevrolet (keeper of goats)Corbin (crow, little raven)De la Cour (of the court)De la Croix (of the cross)De la Rue (of the street)Desjardins (from the g ardens)Donadieu/Donnadieu (â€Å"given to God,† this name was often bestowed on children who became priests or nuns, or were orphaned with unknown parentage.)Dubois (by the woods or forest)Dupont (by the bridge)Dupuis (by the well)Durand (enduring)Escoffier (to dress)Farrow (ironworker)Fontaine (well or fountain)Forestier (keeper of the king’s forest)Fortier (stronghold/fort or someone who works there)Fortin (strong)Fournier (communal baker)Gagneux (farmer)Gagnon (guard dog)Garcon (boy, servant)Garnier (keeper of the granary)Guillaume (from William, meaning strength)Jourdain (one who descends)Laferriere (near an iron mine)Lafitte (near the border)Laflamme (torchbearer)Laframboise (raspberry)Lagrange (who lived near a granary)Lamar (the pool)Lambert (bright land or lamb herder)Lane (wool or wool trader)Langlois (Englishman)Laval (of the valley)Lavigne (near the vineyard)Leclerc (clerk, secretary)Lefebre (craftsman)Legrand (large or tall)Lemaitre (master craftsman)Lenoir (black, dark)Leroux (redheaded)Leroy (the king)Le Sueur (one who sews, cobbler, shoemaker)Marchand (merchant)Martel (blacksmith)Moreau (dark-skinned)Moulin (mill or miller)Petit (small or slender)Picard (someone from Picard)Poirier/Poirot (near a pear tree or orchard)Pomeroy (apple orchard)Porcher (swineherd).Proulx (brave, valiant)Remy (oarsman or cure/remedy)Richelieu (place of wealth)Roche (near a rocky hill)Sartre (tailor, someone who sews clothing)Sergeant (one who serves)Serrurier (locksmith)Simon (one who listens)Thibaut (brave, bold)Toussaint (all saints)Travers (near the bridge or ford)Vachon (cowherd)Vaillancourt (low-lying farm)Vercher (farmland)Verne (alder tree)Vieux (old)Violette (violet)Voland (one who flies, agile)

Hurricane Katrin A Horrific Day For The City Of New Orleans

August 29, 2005, was a horrific day for the city of New Orleans. That day was when the deadly storm Hurricane Katrina hit the city of New Orleans. It was one of the worst hurricanes in the United States history. On August 28, 2005, Katrina was upgraded to a category five hurricane, which is the worst category that a hurricane can be named. A category five hurricane means catastrophic damage will occur since the wind was going 157 miles per hour or higher. Ray Nagin the mayor of New Orleans called for the first mandatory evacuation of the city and he announced that the Superdome were some of the places that were listed as places as shelters for people who cannot leave. After the hurricane hit the city of New Orleans, the city was†¦show more content†¦New Orleans had a huge poverty problem and the hurricane made it worst for the poor people. New Orleans was one of the poorest cities in the United States even before Katrina. Even the police department had been in tons of tro ubles before Katrina. The NOPD has had a terrible reputation for years. In April 1996, NOPD officer Len Davis was imprisoned for killing a person who was complaining about police brutality. Another NOPD officer was involved in a robbery that left three dead including a police officer. From the years, 1995 to 1997 more than 500 police officers were being investigated and more than a 100 officers were fired. Even before Katrina happened the rate of murders went up twenty percent from the year before. The NOPD were not properly run before Hurricane Katrina and they were not properly run after Hurricane Katrina hit the city of New Orleans. After Katrina hit the city of New Orleans, it turns the city into a hopeless place to be. Eighty percent of the city was flooded and some parts of the city were fifteen under water. During the aftermath of the hurricane, there were tons of looting, shootings, murders, and rapes. Some of those events took place in the Superdome where people live before and after the hurricane hit the city since they were not able to leave the city beforehand. A lot of people lost their homes. Also, local business was destroyed. There were people sitting on their rooftops since their homes were under water and they were

Arab music Essay Example For Students

Arab music Essay The word music comes from the Greek word Mousiki which means the science of composing melodies. Ilm al-musiqa was the name given by the Arabs to the Greek theory of music as to distinguish it from ilm al-ghinaa, the Arabian theory. The Arab music tradition developed in the courts of dynasties in the Islamic Empire from the seventh to the thirteenth century. It flourished during the Umayyad dynasty in the seventh and eighth centuries in Syria. Although the major writings of Arab music appeared after the spread of the Islamic religion in the beginning of the seventh century, the music tradition had already begun. Before the spread of Islam, Arab music incorporated music traditions of the Sassanid dynasty (224-651) in Persia and the early Byzantine empire (fourth to sixth century) and of sung poetry from the Arabian Peninsula. Arab music is created using non-harmonized melodic and rhythmic systems. Arabic melodies draw from a vast array of models, or melodic modes, known as maqamat. Ara bic books on music include as many as 52 melodic modes, of which at least 12 are commonly used. These modes feature more tones than are present in the Western musical system, including notably smaller intervals that are sometimes called microtones, or half-flats and half-sharps. Arab melodies frequently use the increased second interval, an interval larger than those of most Western melodies. The sound of Arab music is richly melodic and offers freedom for subtle nuance and creative diversity. The rhythmic structure of Arab music is also complex. Rhythmic patterns have up to forty-eight beats and typically include several downbeats (called dums) as well as upbeats (called taks) and rests. To grasp a rhythmic mode, the listener must hear a relatively long pattern. Moreover, the performers do not simply play the pattern; they decorate and elaborate upon it. Often the pattern is recognizable only by the arrangement of downbeats. The order of these systems of melody and rhythm is essential to the composition and performance of Arab music. Students learn pieces of music, both songs and instrumental works, but rarely perform them exactly as they were originally composed or presented. In Arab tradition, a good musician is someone who can offer something new in each performance by varying and improvising on known pieces or models in a fashion similar to that of musicians. The creations of musicians can be lengthy, extending ten-minute compositions into hour-long performances that bear only a skeletal resemblance to the models. The style of the new works traditionally depends upon the response of the audience. Listeners are expected to react during the performance, either verbally or with applause. Quiet is interpreted as disinterest or dislike. The audience members, in this tradition, are active participants in determining the length of the performance and in shaping the piece of music by encouraging musicians to either repeat a section of the piece or to move to the next section. Instruments typically used in an Arab musical performance include the ud, a prototype of the European lute, and the nay, an end-blown reed flute. Frame drums, with or without jingles, and hourglass-shaped drums are common percussion instruments. These instruments vary in name and shape depending upon the region of their origin. Double-reed instruments of varying sizes, such as the Lebanese mijwiz and the Egyptian mizmar, are played at outdoor celebrations. The Arab rababah, a spike fiddle, may have been the prototype for the European violin, which is now also found in many Arab regions. Solo performance consisting of the interactive invention of good music with an appreciative audience represents a peak of musical accomplishment for the instrumentalist similar to that which the singing of poetry represents for the vocalist. In a taqsim, a form of instrumental improvisation, the instrumentalist chooses a melodic mode, offers interpretation of the mode, and in pitch, and modulates to other modes. Eventually the instrumentalist descends to close in the original mode. Musical accomplishment lies in the musicians technical virtuosity, creativity, and subtlety in suggesting other modes, other compositions, or even the music of other artists. .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .postImageUrl , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:hover , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:visited , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:active { border:0!important; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:active , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Clean Well Lighted Place Analysis EssayPerformances considered traditionalwhether they are neoclassical events in concert halls, entertainment in hotels, or television programmesusually include both song and instrumental performances, although often not played in unison, that last about an hour and are arranged to reach a high peak in a vocal performance. Such collections of piecesmetrical and non-metrical, vocal and instrumental, simple and complex, and often unified by modeare central to Arab music.Examples include the North African nawbah, thought to have originated in Andaluca, and the eastern Mediterranean waslah musical forms, which were previously the standard of entertainment for small gatherings of elite Arab men. While the general principles have remained the same, the tradition of Arab music has changed throughout the centuries. Distinctive local practices have evolved and become important to the cultural identity of their respective societies. For example, the North African cities of Fs, Tlemcen, Tetuan, and Tunis have distinct versions of the Andalusian nawbah that help define local culture and are closely associated with the histories of their regions.Melodic modes of the same name are tuned slightly differently in Syria, Egypt, Iraq, and the countries of North Africa. Music of these regions is distinguishable by pitch. Rhythmic modes also have varying articulations in different locales, and the styles of melodies and renditions differ. Sung poetry, particularly informal verse, changes with local dialects. The Iraqi maqam is not simply a melodic mode, but an unfolding of pieces in a particular mode. The word maqam in Iraq carries a me aning closer to that of waslah or nawbah than it does maqam in other places. Because of the absence of recording or notation until the 20th century, it is impossible to be certain of the age of the melodies. Particular melodies, specifically those of Andalusian or Syrian muwashshahat, may be centuries old, but it is highly unlikely that they have remained exactly the same throughout the years. Widely known musical pieces of early times were probably subject to reinterpretation at different places throughout history. Bibliography:

Women In Politics Essays - Gender Studies, Womens Rights

Women In Politics Women in Politics Beginning with the early nineteen hundreds, women from all over the country have bounded together, forming leagues and clubs for equal rights. However, it wasn't until today at the dawn of the twenty-first century, states and international community can no longer refute the fact that humanity is made up of two sexes, not just one (Oliveria 26). Why has the womans move for equality just now started to balance itself out? Well, the answer is quite simple; women are just now being looked at as semi-equals. They are beginning to become corporate executives in businesses, and popular in the field of medicine and law. Women have tried hard to push themselves forward in society to create a balanced and harmonious economy and so far it has been successful. Barriers of all kinds have been broken, well, all except a few, mainly in politics and with the information I have collected I will show why. Politicswhen one stops and thinks of the word politics what naturally comes to mind? Our founding fathers, Presidents George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson; the popular political figures of today, President Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Al Gore; or do we think about Belva Ann Lockwood, Jeannette Rankin, Frances Perkins, and Eugenie Moore - who? When American's think about politics, Lyn Kathlene, journalist for the Higher Education Chronicles, states that ninety-five percent of the time they envision a man who is in charge of running, or helping to run, their country. Is society to blame for this misconception that women do not hold important roles in government and participate in making important decisions for our country? Not really, people just dont hear or read about women in politics as often as they do about men. As most people learn throughout elementary and junior high or middle school, our nation first formed government in 1776 when Thomas Jefferson first drafted our constitution. During this time women did not have a role in government, nor would they for the next one hundred and eight years, until a woman would try to run for office. In 1884, Belva Ann Lockwood the first woman to try a case before the United States Supreme Court ran for Presidency (Arenofsky 14). Well, to no surprise she lost, but her groundbreaking campaign made it possible and easier for Jeannette Rankin, thirty-three years later, to run and become elected to Congress for the state of Montana. However, even with this groundbreaking experience, women were still looked down upon for their lack of experience. It wasnt until 1920 when women's suffrage ended and the nineteenth amendment to the constitution, granting women the right to vote, that women were formally introduced into politics. However, even with voting privileges, women were still looked at as weak feeble creatures. The lack of confidence and the inability to be seen as strong-minded females who were not afraid to voice their opinion hurt the female gender immensely. It wasnt until Eleanor Roosevelt, wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, crisscrossed the country speaking about social problems and serving as the quintessential role model for the politically active female that women began to witness how to present themselves with confidence (Arenofsky 14). Finally, with women's confidence on the rise and their new understanding and attitudes toward government, women were starting to attain a higher status in the political arena. The big break for women came from the decision by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who in 1933 appointed Frances Perkins to the cabinet as Secretary of labor (Hogan 4). With this big break, women were finally moving forward in government and there was no looking back. So, after all of this hard work and dedication by early feminists to achieve a voice in politics, was it worth the struggles and did it pay off? Rosiska Darcy de Oliveria, journalist for the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Courier, believes so. She states, women's rise to power and their participation in politics are the vital signs of a healthy democracy, which would make good sense since the United States is a free country where everyone is suppose to be equal to their neighbor (26). However, others believe that political

Overview of the Great Awakening U.S. Religious Revival

Overview of the Great Awakening U.S. Religious Revival The Great Awakening of 1720-1745 was a period of intense religious revivalism that spread throughout the American colonies. The movement deemphasized the higher authority of church doctrine and instead put greater importance on the individual and his or her spiritual experience.   The Great Awakening arose at a time when people in Europe and the American colonies were questioning the role of the individual in religion and society. It began at the same time as the Enlightenment which emphasized logic and reason and stressed the power of the individual to understand the universe based on scientific laws. Similarly, individuals grew to rely more on a personal approach to salvation than church dogma and doctrine. There was a feeling among believers that established religion had become complacent. This new movement emphasized an emotional, spiritual, and personal relationship with God.   Historical Context of Puritanism By the early 18th century, the New England theocracy clung to a medieval concept of religious authority. At first, the challenges of living in a colonial America isolated from its roots in Europe served to support an autocratic leadership; but by the 1720s, the increasingly diverse, commercially successful colonies had a stronger sense of independence. The church had to change. One possible source of inspiration for great change occurred in October of 1727 when an earthquake rattled the region. Ministers preached that the Great Earthquake was Gods latest rebuke to New England, a universal shock that might presage the final conflagration and the day of judgment. The number of religious converts increased for some months afterward. Revivalism The Great Awakening movement divided longstanding denominations such as the Congregational and Presbyterian churches and created an opening for new evangelical strength in Baptists and Methodists. That began with a series of revival sermons from preachers who were either not associated with mainstream churches, or who were diverging from those churches. Most scholars date the beginning of the revival era of the Great Awakening to the Northampton revival which began in the church of Jonathan Edwards in 1733. Edwards gained the post from his grandfather, Solomon Stoddard, who had exercised a great deal of control over the community from 1662 until his death in 1729. By the time Edwards took the pulpit, though, things had slipped; licentiousness prevailed particularly with young people. Within a few years of Edwards leadership, the young people by degrees left off their frolics and returned to spirituality. Edwards who preached for close to ten years in New England emphasized a personal approach to religion. He bucked the Puritan tradition and called for an end to intolerance and unity among all Christians. His most famous sermon was Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, delivered in 1741. In this sermon, he explained that salvation was a direct result of God and could not be attained by human works as the Puritans preached. So that, whatever some have imagined and pretended about promises made to natural men’s earnest seeking and knocking, it is plain and manifest, that whatever pains a natural man takes in religion, whatever prayers he makes, till he believes in Christ, God is under no manner of obligation to keep him a moment from eternal destruction. The Grand Itinerant A second important figure during the Great Awakening was George Whitefield. Unlike Edwards, Whitefield was a British minister who moved to colonial America. He was known as the Great Itinerant because he traveled and preached all around North America and Europe between 1740 and 1770. His revivals led to many conversions, and the Great Awakening spread from North America back to the European continent. In 1740 Whitefield left Boston to begin a 24-day journey through New England. His initial purpose was to collect money for his Bethesda orphanage, but he lit religious fires, and the ensuing revival engulfed most of New England. By the time he returned to Boston, crowds at his sermons grew, and his farewell sermon was said to have included some 30,000 people. The message of the revival was to return to religion, but it was a religion that would be available to all sectors, all classes, and all economies. New Light Versus Old Light The church of the original colonies was various versions of entrenched Puritanism, underpinned by Calvinism. The orthodox Puritan colonies were societies of status and subordination, with the ranks of men arranged in strict hierarchies. Lower classes were subservient and obedient to a class of spiritual and governing elite, made up of upper-class gentlemen and scholars. The church saw this hierarchy as a status that was fixed at birth, and the doctrinal emphasis was placed on the depravity of (common) man, and the sovereignty of God as represented by his church leadership. But in the colonies before the American Revolution, there were clearly social changes at work, including a rising commercial and capitalist economy, as well as increased diversity and individualism. This, in turn, created a rise of class antagonism and hostilities. If God bestows his grace on an individual, why did that gift have to be ratified by a church official? The Significance of the Great Awakening The Great Awakening had a major impact on Protestantism, as a number of new offshoots grew out of that denomination, but with an emphasis on individual piety and religious inquiry. The movement also prompted a rise in evangelicalism, which united believers under the umbrella of like-minded Christians, regardless of denomination, for whom the path to salvation was the acknowledgment that Jesus Christ died for our sins. While a great unifier among the people living in the American colonies, this wave of religious revivalism did have its opponents. Traditional clergy asserted that it fomented fanaticism and that the emphasis on extemporaneous preaching would increase the number of uneducated preachers and downright charlatans. It pushed individual religious experience over established church doctrine, thereby decreasing the importance and weight of the clergy and the church in many instances.New denominations arose or grew in numbers as a result of the emphasis on individual faith and salvation.It unified the American colonies as it spread through numerous preachers and revivals. This unification was greater than had ever been achieved previously in the colonies. Sources Cowing, Cedric B. Sex and Preaching in the Great Awakening. American Quarterly 20.3 (1968): 624-44. Print.Rossel, Robert D. The Great Awakening: An Historical Analysis. American Journal of Sociology 75.6 (1970): 907-25. Print.Van de Wetering, John E. The Christian History of the Great Awakening. Journal of Presbyterian History (1962-1985) 44.2 (1966): 122-29. Print.

Movie Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Movie Review - Essay Example The actions of both Kevin O’Donnel and Sean Miller amply convey this fact. â€Å" Our society in the West has, quite literally, an investment in perpetuating the myth of an evil force... Without it, movies and writing would be less interesting because evil villains represent in some powerful manner the way many people perceive the world†(R. F. Baumeister, W.H. Freeman & Co, 1996). People often think of evil as what is outside of them, and even if an evil action is chosen, there is a justification since there is something good in the expected outcome. This is the outlook of the terrorists. The discussion shows how people can be properly be made aware of the dangers of terrorism and how realistic the two movies are in conveying the facts regarding terrorism. In the movie Patriot Games, we see the fear of terrorism casting its spell throughout the life of Jack Ryan and his family. He and his family are on a visit England. He has worked as an intelligence agent in the U.S. A. his helps him to be vigilant. He is also making use of his London vacation for his research, as he is writing a book. He has met his wife Cathy an ophthalmological surgeon and daughter Sally and they are discussing where to go for dinner that evening. At that time there is an explosion behind them. He gets his family under cover and sees three men attacking a Rolls Roys. Taking advantage of his perfect position to interfere, he charges in and kills one man and has wounded another. The men are from the Ulster Liberation Army (ULA), an ultra-violent off shoot of the violent Provisional wing of the Irish Republican Army (PIRA). Now he becomes a local hero in England, as the occupants of the car he saved are the members of the Royal Family. But the head of the ULA Kevin O’Donnell is quite upset. Sean Miller, who had planned the operation, who is now caught, is also furious at Jack’s interference. The PIRA is also not happy with Kevin O’Donnell for attacking the Royal

Assess the role of law, and determine its importance,compare key Essay

Assess the role of law, and determine its importance,compare key arguements in the writting of thomass hobbes and john locke - Essay Example It is the contrasts observable in the philosophical arguments that form the basis of this analytical essay on the importance and role of law, with a view to reaching a credible conclusion. Introduction The concept of the role of law has been presented differently by different scholars. While there is a general agreement on the role and importance of law in the society, the philosophy behind this concept differs according to different scholars. There is a general agreement that the fundamental role of law is to maintain order in the society, through the protection of the basic rights of individuals (Collins, 2005 p42). In a society where people are living together, it is inevitable to develop rules of conduct that guide the relationship and interactions between the people. While such rules of conducts may be developed and applied differently by different societies, the objective is simply the same; to protect the fundamental rights of individuals within the society (Grant, 1987 p12). Therefore, this essay will argue on the role and importance of law, as advocated for by two different scholars, namely Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Discussion The prime essence of law in the society is to regulate social behavior (Brown, 1965 p7). ... However, according to Thomas Hobbes, who was a renowned English philosopher, the major problem that exists in the world is that of establishing political and social order (Dietz, 1990 p114). Therefore, the fundamental question regarding social interaction is on how people can live together, without the danger and fear of conflict. This forms the basis of his Moral and Political Philosophy, which postulates that to realize peaceful coexistence in the society full of undue danger and fear of conflict, people should give their obedience to an unaccountable sovereign, which could take the form of an individual or a group that is vested with the powers of deciding on the political and social issues facing the society (Collins, 2005 p45). This point to the inevitable need for some form of law that is vested on certain social institutions, which have the powers to interpret and apply the laws for the common benefit of the society and al individuals, who have committed their obedience to suc h institutions. Thus according to Thomas Hobbes, the need for law in the society stems from the fact that the state of nature is one full of universal insecurity, where all people have the right to fear violent death (Brown, 1965 p12). Therefore, the role of law is to guarantee such people their security, and thus eliminate the danger and fear of violent death that is present in the state of nature, which is likened to a state of civil war. Hobbes further observes that it is practically impossible to achieve a rewarding human cooperation (Franklin, 1978 p61). This is because; individuals will always take advantage of their strengths to dominate over the weaker ones in the society, and thus expose them to the danger and fear of violent death. Thus according

Scriptures of Rig Veda in Hinduism Essay Example for Free

Scriptures of Rig Veda in Hinduism Essay The Shinto theory of creation of universe holds a remarkable similarity with the theories propagated in scriptures of Rig Veda in Hinduism. Though apparently both the religions have flourished in completely isolation, the theories of creation propounded by Shinto religion bears a significant similarity to Hinduism particularly in description of evolution of earth and the succession of human beings from Gods. The belief of God as being the originator of entire creation is central to both. While Shinto describes the world before creation as a mixture of dark and bright parts of cloud, Rig-veda asserts that in the beginning only darkness prevailed, completely devoid of any sign of existence in the form of light, air, or ether. . Only God was present to initiate the evolution. According to Shinto, after the separation of heaven from earth, depending upon the density of waste material and the proportion of brightness and weight, a reed was born between earth and heaven. It is cited that the first God Kuni-toko-tachi no Mikoto was born from this reed. Interestingly, Rig Ved also cites a passage tellling that Lord Brahma, who is believed to be the father (creator) of universe in hinduism, was born out of a flower. However, unlike Lord Kuni-toko-tachi no Mikoto , Lord Brahma was born from a flower that grew from the stomach of Lord Vishnu. Both Lord Kuni-toko-tachi no Mikoto and Lord Brahma are one of the first Gods in Shinto and Hindu religion respectively and bear a plant as the cause of their birth. Both the theories give a sequential detail of formationm of earth and its components, beginning form prevailing darkness to the formation of different components of light. Shinto, however, gives a comparatively unique and consistent theory of creation whereas the details provided by Rig Veda are multi-faceted and at many occasions, inconsistent. While some portions of Rig-Veda describe Brahma as Lord Shiva as the first God, creator of the system, some other passages have described Lord Vishnu as the originator and driving force behind the universe. It is mentioned that all the Gods had been created form the pores of the body of Lord Vishnu. As far as the physical developments of planetary systems and earth are concerned, many a times, both the theories prescribe a sequence of events evidently similar. The evolution of earth from darkness, formation of water, and emergence of life in water has been prescribed in both the theories, though these details are frequently confused by the inclusion of different roles played by different Gods. Shinto proclaims that Izanagi, the second god created by the First God carved an island by immersing his spear in an ocean and thendrippng the water on it, which turned itself into a mass of land, which later turned out to become the habitat of Izanagi, and his wife, Izanami. They later made more islands and Japan was thus born. Shinto, also gives a detailed explanation of the formation and evolution of earth and other solar components, again infused by the dramatic and, at several occasions, confusing roles played by different Gods.

Decision Support Systems Used in Network Hardware Essay -- essays rese

Decision Support Systems Used in Network Hardware How does data pass through the internet? If you said decision support systems, you are correct. In an indecisive world, network hardware devices uses decision support systems (DSS) to efficiently and effectively route data, in a local area network, with the least amount of errors and inconsistencies. Decision support systems are the brains behind network hardware, and would be near impossible for them to work without the intelligent core of each distinct DSS. There are a variety of network hardware devices: switches, hubs, and routers; and they all use algorithms/procedures to transfer data towards the correct destination. Although there are many more DSS related methods used to route traffic, this paper describes how these three devices use them and each of there functions. Other types of decision support systems that network hardware devices may use are firewall technology, network address translation, and filter tables, which are all described in this paper. Network hardware is used in the first three layers of the OSI reference model. The OSI reference model is the Open Systems Interconnections standard and consists of seven layers that build from the wire. At the first layer, â€Å"the physical layer†, hubs maybe used for simple, inexpensive technology within a corporation. Hubs, when receiving data sent to it, sends that data too all network interface cards, or NICS on each computer. If the data is at its correct destination, the NIC to read the data, but if it is not, the data is discarded. Of course, this setting is much slower, because the other NICS are waiting for there turn, which is after the first message is delivered or timed out. Raymond R. Panko writes this about the waiting state a hub goes in when transmitting data: â€Å"This creates latency (delay), which grows as the number of stations grows. Another way of saying this is that the speed of the hub is shared. (Panko 108)† As, you can tell, hubs are simple, and don’t use more information than needed. Switches, which are layer 2 devices, use decision based routing by storing NIC hardware addresses and port numbers on a table in the switch. By doing this, when data is received by the switch, it knows where the source was, and where the data needs to go. This allows for faster data transmission for all NICS that are connected, because it uses the swi... ... mining tools are being used to uncover the congestion that slows network traffic down. With all these DSS type applications working together in harmony, the internet can be faster and safer to surf, than ever before. Sources Fairhurst, Gorry. â€Å"Operation of a Router.† 10 Jan, 2001. â€Å"How Firewalls Work.† HowStuffWorks (http://howstuffworks.com), by Jeff Tyson. HowStuffWorks Inc.,2002. â€Å"How LAN Switches Work.† HowStuffWorks (http://howstuffworks.com), bye Jeff Tyson. HowStuffWorks Inc.,2002. â€Å"How Network Address Translation Works.† HowStuffWorks (http://www.howstuffworks.com), by Jeff Tyson. HowStuffWorks, Inc., 2002. â€Å"How Routing Algorithms Work." HowStuffWorks (http://www.howstuffworks.com), by Roozbeh Razavi. HowStuffWorks, Inc., 2002. Norton, Michael J. â€Å"Layer 3 Switching -- Introducing the Router.† The O’Reilly Network. 13 Apr. 2001. http://www.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/770 Panko, Raymond R. â€Å"Business Data Networks and Telecommunication†. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2003. Whipple, William L. â€Å"TCP/IP For Internet Administrators.† A Searchable Technical Reference Document. Western Logic Works: 1997 (http://www.pku.edu.cn/academic/research/computer-center/tc/html/TC0310.html)

How we perceive ourselves and influence others’ perception Essay

To begin with the first principle of, how people perceive the world in different ways. Of course, each single person has his or her own way of thinking and understanding the world. Evidently, this individualistic way of thinking has been predisposed upon every one of us by forces such as: physical condition, cultural background and social roles. These invisible forces disturb the flow of successful communication. As such, my perception will be different if I am not feeling well; or in my culture, what is considered good and important may considered bad and unimportant for others. For example, eye contact is important for Canadian but I think it is a sign of disrespectful to look into one’s eyes. Social role is another challenge for successful communication, for example, when entering into a business contract, handshakes are not acceptable anymore, the two parties must sign a formal agreement documents. The second principle is our self-concept, the perception each individual ho lds of himself and herself; and, it has a powerful effect on one’s communication behaviour. In order to communicate with others, first, one should know who he or she is? This idea refers to one’s personality, physical characteristics, cultural identity, and religion. For example, I am a tall, male, about 30 years old, a student, and believe in God; among all, the most important part of my self-concept is my religion. For example, I feel strongly religious and I proclaim that I am proud of being an Ismaili Muslim. Sometimes, I am fully confident about my religious views and expect others to accept my remarks and believe. The strong feeling that I have about my religious believe has a powerful effect on the way I communicate; often, People start to reject my remarks and turn away from the conversation. The third principle is the messages we send can shape others’ self –concepts and therefore influence their communication. In fact, each of us possess several self-concept. In contrast, presenting self is a public image and it is the way we want to present ourselves in public, in a socially acceptable image, to influence others to believe. We try to maintain our own identity and communicating in ways that, support identities that others are trying to present. For example, if a friend of me barrows my book and forget to return It on time, he might apologise for the delay; however, I would say, it is ok or not a problem; even if, I need the book urgently. This example shows that I am a nice person and does not criticize  others. The last principle is the images we present to the world varies from one situation to another. Definitely, the physical appearance and behaviours of a person plays a big role in a successful communication. Our clothing, hair style and the way we walk and talk present our images to people around us. It is important to know that the images we present to others varies from one situation to another. For example, when I am visiting a friend who are in a terrible situation; I am trying to present an image of myself, in a way to, not make him upset. Or if I am going for a job interview, I will try to present the maximum professional image I can. Over all, the way we perceive ourselves and others, and the messages and images that we send to influence others perceptions, are thing that we normally living and practicing them in everyday life but mostly not noticing them.

The Automotive Industry The Biggest Car Company Essay

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