Personal Code of Ethics Essay

â€Å"In the setting of a code embraced by a calling or by a legislative or semi administrative organ to manage that calling, a moral code might be styled as a code of expert duty, which may shed troublesome issues of what conduct is â€Å"ethical†. A few codes of morals are frequently declared by the (semi ) legislative organization liable for authorizing a calling. Infringement of these codes might be dependent upon authoritative (for example loss of permit), common or punitive cures. Different codes can be authorized by the declaring association alone; infringement of these codes are typically constrained to loss of participation in the association. Different codes are only warning and there are no endorsed solutions for infringement or even techniques for deciding if an infringement even occurred† (Wikipedia, 2007). At the point when we are called upon to decide, a few variables are thought about before this choice can be made. Contingent upon the kind of choice, su ch factors could be social convictions, individual convictions, and authoritative convictions. We have come to understand that there are major difficulties in attempting to apply moral standards in a social and authoritative condition. Each culture has one of a kind differentiations in values, which could possibly be viewed as moral by every person inside society. These distinctions in culture and individual convictions impact any choice, regardless of whether individual or expert, of any person. Certain societies inside the work power may choose not to stick to hierarchical sets of accepted rules due to individual emotions, yet in addition due to the fluctuating contrasts in social foundations. The plan of this paper is to distinguish values that are essential to me by and by, authoritatively, and socially, and the impacts that these qualities have onEthics 3decision creation with respect to my own and expert life. Trustworthiness, uprightness, dedication, and regard are profoundly esteemed and these qualities are available in my regular day to day existence. â€Å"A code of morals is regularly a conventional articulation of the organization’s values on certain moral and social issues. Some set out general standards about an organization’s convictions on issues, for example, quality, representatives or nature. Others set out the techniques to be utilized in explicit moral circumstances â€, for example, irreconcilable situations or the acknowledgment of blessings, and portray the strategies to decide if an infringement of the code of morals happened and, assuming this is the case, what cures ought to be forced. The adequacy of such codesâ of morals relies upon the degree to which to the executives underpins them with approvals and prizes. Infringement of a private organization’s code of morals for the most part can expose the violator to the organization’s cures (in a business setting, this can mean end of work; in a participation setting, this can mean removal). Obviously, certain demonstrations that establish an infringement of a code of morals may likewise disregard a law or guideline and can be rebuffed by the suitable administrative organ. They are frequently not part of any progressively broad hypothesis of morals yet acknowledged as down to business necessities. Moral codes are particular from moral codes that may apply to the way of life, training, and religion of an entire society. Indeed, even associations and networks that might be viewed as criminal may have their own moral set of accepted rules, be it official or informal. Models could be programmers, criminals, or even road gangs† (Wikipedia, 2007). As indicated by Probation Officers Association of Ontario (2006), To help Probation Officers in keeping up the uprightness of their calling by maintaining and propelling the reason, information, morals and estimations of the probation field consistently. This Code ofEthics 4Ethics will along these lines give a standard of training to empower all post trial agents to satisfy their objectives and destinations to the Offender, the Courts, the Community and the Criminal Justice System. To the calling post trial agents Shall: Encourage moral direct by all individuals from the calling, have a duty to partners to build up a working relationship of common regard and collaboration, advance the way of thinking and morals of the calling with new associates, look for counsel and use the aptitude of partners and bosses, contribute their mastery so as to advance the trustworthiness and skill of the calling to the general population, keep current with rising information pertinent to the probation field and will add to the information base of the profession† To Courts, Criminal Justice and Community, Probation Officers Shall: Strive to give the most noteworthy gauge of administration to the Courts and Judiciary through the arrangement of value reports, declaration and examinations, post trial agents will consistently act in a way that maintains the nobility of the Court, as an indispensable piece of the all out Criminal Justice System maintain and regard the precepts, de cides and elements of that System, advance mindfulness among different individuals ofâ the Criminal Justice System, of the methods of reasoning, capacities and jobs of Probation Officers, know about their job in shielding the network from crime and in the advancement of projects for the prevention† â€Å"To the Offender Probation Officers Shall: Provide administration to the wrongdoer to the limit of their expert expertise, capacity and skill, keep up an expert relationship consistently to stay away from irreconcilable situation, advance uniformity in each regard in this way protecting the nobility and privileges of guilty parties, make a constructive environment for change that will urge wrongdoers to understand their objectives and possibilities by takingEthics 5advantage of preparing, treatment and administrations gave, Inform the guilty party of lawful rights to and his obligations in the Criminal Justice System, make the guilty party mindful of the duties and obligations of the Probation Officer inside the Criminal Justice System, regard the security of the guilty party and the secrecy of data subject to legitimate and strategy parameters† What I have encountered over my 26 years of living, both actually and expertly, structures my musings, convictions and sentiment s and accordingly drives what I can call my own code of morals. The accompanying quickly depicts the center standards that I keep up: Honesty †I immovably accept that trustworthiness is the best strategy. It should be an outrageous circumstance that includes genuine injury; harm or different misfortune that will persuade me that not being honest is ideal. I understand that reality can frequently be excruciating, can cause outrage, doubt and disdain however I feel that on the off chance that I have been honest and given somebody the entirety of the data, they will potentially hold me in a higher respect. This trustworthiness will ideally permit a more prominent trust among us and future dealings will be more averse to be stressed. Lawful †I am an individual that keeps the traditions that must be adhered to. I feel that it isn't right to take, cheat, lie or deceive with the goal to make an individual addition. I endeavor to be a well behaved resident. I sincerely don't think there is a distinction among individual and expert code of morals, which makes it difficult to look at, yet what I accept is that, â€Å"A individual code of ethics† is just a conviction framework in which you do a few things since they are â€Å"good,† and abstain from doing different things since they are â€Å"bad.† Formal law has almost no to do with an individual code of morals. You create and are liable for this code without anyone else, however your folks and social contacts have a great deal to do with it. Here is a model: There are not many spots in which a spectator has any legalEthics 6obligation to go to the guide of an outsider. But, individuals help out others all the time †on the grounds that it is the â€Å"right† activity in their conviction frameworks. References Word related Outlook Handbook, 2006-07 Edition (2006). Post trial supervisors andCorrectional Treatment Specialists. Recovered October 13, 2007, fromhttp://www.bls.govWikipedia (2007). Code of Ethics. Retrived October 20, 2007, fromhttp://www.wikipedia.org

HIV Essay Samples Can Help You Improve Your Skills

HIV Essay Samples Can Help You Improve Your SkillsHIV essay samples can help you when it comes to writing an essay about your topic. Writing is not easy but it can be made easier by some samples that are available online. An essay can be a very successful means of presentation, especially if it is well written.HIV essay samples can be found in many websites where writers can learn from the experts. These sources can provide answers and also help you when it comes to organizing the information. You can also find ways in which you can prepare a thesis statement and then start with the research that you need to do.HIV essay samples can help you with different aspects of writing. They can help you make sure that the contents of your essay is presented in a persuasive manner. The information that you include in your essay is very important for it is going to be the first step in helping you win the competition. It is very essential that you learn how to present the information that you ha ve acquired.These essays are very important because it is where the writer attempts to use their knowledge and intelligence to find out what other people's opinions are about a certain subject. When you are writing an essay, it is necessary that you are able to apply the right approach so that you can find an effective way of explaining the information. You can be assured that these essays are very useful in presenting information to the reader.One of the most important aspects of writing these essays is that you need to follow the correct format because it can help you get the desired results. You should know how to write an essay in a very efficient manner. In other words, you should learn the correct form in which you are supposed to write an essay.HIV essay samples can also help you learn how to organize your information. You should note that this information is something that will be used in your essay. Therefore, you should make sure that the information you give is organized so that it can help you present it in a convincing manner.HIV essay samples can also help you identify the sources that you will need to use in order to present your information. These sources can be of great importance because they help you get the information you need. In addition, you should be aware of the type of data that you will need to use in order to present your information in a convincing manner.HIV essay samples can help you improve your skills in writing an essay. You can learn how to present the information that you have acquired in a proper manner. You can use this information when you are preparing a thesis statement or when you are writing an essay about something else.

Discrimination and Sexual Harassment Free Essays

string(168) of segregation and lewd behavior are markers of leaders’ needs and of which â€Å"types† of representatives are esteemed (Morrison von Glinow 67). Most Americans can follow their forerunners back to some nation over the seas or the Mexican-American or Canadian-American fringes. Every ethnic gathering has improved American culture with its own specific kinds of music, nourishment, customs, and dress. It normally takes at least two ages for the individuals from another settler gathering to turn out to be adequately retained into the life of a network that they lose their different personality. We will compose a custom article test on Segregation and Sexual Harassment or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Some ethnic gatherings †primarily those of brown complexion hues †never accomplish all out acknowledgment. Individuals worried about improving gathering relations in their association must prepare for such clichã ©s as â€Å"I’m not prejudiced† and â€Å"I treat all individuals the equivalent. † Even the most â€Å"liberal† people don't treat all individuals the equivalent. Additionally, they ought not. All individuals are biased possibly in support of others. Be that as it may, it is practices, not mentalities, which include the significant gathering issues standing up to chiefs and directors. There are numerous laws against oppressive practices, however there are none against biased perspectives. The ethnic partialities found in neighborhoods, schools, and employments originate from two principle sources: (1) the qualities and convictions people gain from others, and (2) the pressures and disappointments all individuals experience while contending with others, particularly the individuals who are socially unique. Race and bigotry, outgrowths of bias, disturb association practices (Shepherd Penna 34). Social assorted variety changes the association by giving new HR and administrative difficulties to bosses. As the United States encounters deficiencies of talented specialists, most associations ought to discover approaches to ideally use multicultural laborers. This frequently involves managing representatives who have various perspectives toward time, status and jobs, connections, duty, dynamic, and innovation (Goldstein Leopold 45). Moreover, as the nation’s workforce is reshaped regarding age, sex, racial arrangement, and national source, the test to chiefs and administrators is amplified; directors must take solid authority in dispensing with segregation and lewd behavior in the working environment. Abbasi Hollman 96). On the off chance that association devises a development technique to adapt to separation and lewd behavior the outcome will be the triumphs an association will understanding. In the first place, administrators should assume job: in the administration of assorted variety activities so as to convey perpetual change in authoritative culture, frameworks, and structures; should work in a coordinated association inside their association to actualize decent variety effectively; second, social and sex assorted variety incorporates each worker, along these lines, directors and managers must know about their qualities, inspirations, correspondence styles, perspectives, and necessities. Contentions that help the proposal 1. Aiding across societies at working environment can be practiced uniquely with the help of all around prepared chief Most segregation and lewd behavior issues are established in the association culture. Surely, bunch treatment is another option. Another option is governmental policy regarding minorities in society intended to change employments. One reason chiefs and bosses are constantly disappointed is on the grounds that the social issues they are called upon to comprehend are themselves the results of a bigger social condition. Much of the time, for instance, an estranged worker’s issue goals depends not on their change in accordance with a current circumstance however rather on being moved to another activity or another organization. This sort of ecological change is designed according to milieu treatment. Obviously numerous minorities and ladies don't get the assist they with requiring in light of the fact that organization assets are not receptive to their requirements. The more powerful bosses carry on in the accompanying way: 1. They see every worker as a crucial piece of the association. 2. They see all staff emphatically, in light of the fact that whatever reduces anyone’s self (e. . , embarrassment, segregation, corruption, disappointment) has no spot in a socially touchy association. 3. They permit and accommodate individual and social contrasts. 4. They figure out how representatives see things. Since affectability to their own emotions is an essential to successful initiative, it is useful for managers to have greatest self-knowledge. For certain executives, this is an indispensable piece of their character; for other people, it must be scholarly. A developing number of chairmen are taking an interest in some sort of affectability preparing. On the off chance that it is valid, that aiding across societies can be cultivated distinctly with the help of a more beneficial individual. A laborer needn't bother with direction from an executive who is a bigot. Nor does a female worker need a misogynist boss. The more successful manager is an adult individual who capacities with empathetic proficiency, who can help their subordinates to take care of their issues without falling back on pity, frenzy, or acquiescence. This kind of manager keeps up proficient parity and keeps their point of view with self-knowledge and silliness. When decent variety related issues are distinguished, supervisors should move with incredible consideration when actualizing change. A few activities, albeit good natured, will just worsen the issues. Anything that disturbs the current progression of work exercises can cause extra grumblings and stress. 2. Assorted variety related authority is a significant authoritative factor deciding the degree of segregation Without the full responsibility of upper-level pioneers in an association, separation and lewd behavior activities are probably going to come up short and in this way unfair practices are probably not going to be finished (Cox Blake 8). Nonetheless, it is likewise important to look underneath the upper-most levels to inspect the manners by which the practices and choices of mid-level administration and direct directors may likewise sustain segregation and lewd behavior. Upper-level administration at the most elevated levels of initiative in associations, the CEO, the top supervisory group (TMT), and the corporate board are instrumental in deciding the course that the association will take concerning segregation and inappropriate behavior. Pioneers should initially perceive the potential for segregation in customary authoritative practices and structures and should trust in the need to esteem all workers and evacuate snags to their prosperity (Stoner Russell-Chapin 13). The CEO and top supervisory crew settle on significant choices in regards to hierarchical methodologies and assets, and they convey the organization’s needs to all individuals and partner gatherings (Chevrier 45). The degree to which pioneers decide to underscore comprehensiveness in the organization’s system and the degree to which assets (I. . , work force, cash, time) are committed to dispensing with all types of separation and lewd behavior are pointers of leaders’ needs and of which â€Å"types† of representatives are esteemed (Morrison von Glinow 67). You read Segregation and Sexual Harassment in classification Papers Top-level pioneers can likewise debilitate separation and inappropriate behavior by executing frameworks of responsibility that make rewards dependent upon meeting assorted variety objectives. After the corporate board and TMT have chosen to seek after an authoritative change procedure all through the association, the job of the CEO is especially significant. Cox and Blake (1991) contended that for champions for decent variety are expected to authorize changeâ€and the CEO is in an excellent situation to energetically seek after change, to good example the practices required for change, and to assist the association with moving forward. Such a pioneer can assist with building up a comprehensive hierarchical culture through tireless correspondence of and noticeable help for all projects and arrangements planned for lessening separation and lewd behavior (Morrison von Glinow 89). Likewise, when victories happen, the person in question would furnish prizes and understandings steady with the ideal qualities. As such, a CEO who shows pledge to dispensing with all types of separation and lewd behavior all through the association may assume a urgent job in changing an association from solid (unicultural) to multicultural. The nature of pioneer subordinate connections is likewise a significant thought for segregation and inappropriate behavior in associations. Top notch pioneer part trades (LMX) might be less inclined to create between pioneer subordinate dyads made out of people who are demographically unique (Hiller Day 34). However, in light of the fact that LMX relationship quality is believed to be vital for the entrance that subordinates get to assets, data, significant systems, and openings, great LMX associations with various subordinates are one key to fighting separation inappropriate behavior in associations. At last, those supervisors who build up top notch LMX associations with the entirety of their workers without oppressing minority subordinates will be in a superior situation to use the entirety of their HR (Douglas et al. 8). In reality, ongoing proof exhibited that offices wherein racial minorities detailed top notch LMX associations with their supervisors had higher benefits than offices where minorities revealed low-quality LMX connections (Nishii, Mayer, Goldstein, Dotan 19). 3. Without joining of balance objectives inside the more extensive business assorted variety situated methodology the association won't create ope

Alienated Labor Essay - 1100 Words

Alienated Labor (Essay Sample) Content: Alienated LaborStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstitutionTo be alienated from something is the situation where one lacks wholeheartedly the identification with something and instead regards it as strange and perhaps an obstacle in oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s way. An individual speaks of alienation only in situations where there is a preceding anticipation that one will recognize with the idea in question as oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s own or closely connected to or continuous with oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s self. Estranged labor can be separated into four aspects of alienated labor this include: alienation from oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s action of laboring, from oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s indispensable human nature, and to conclude from the other human beings as an outcome of the character of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s work. This essay will look at the concept of alienated labor in details.The alienated laborer normally finds no joy in the work that he does, and he ends at benefiting herself and not the community by her work. Features of ali enated labor are objective in that the alienated laborer lacks freedom to choose whether or not to labor and in what traditions to labor and this lack of the freedom of choosing may bring about negative attitude towards the job. One being estranged is not just to endure various unconstructive characteristics in oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s occupational life. Besides, one must act in response to these characteristics by experiencing oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s work as alien rather than as a fraction of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s life with which one unconditionally identifies (Marx, 1844).Realization of labor appears to be a diminution that the worker is actually diminished to the point of starvation. Objectification appears to be a loss of the object that the worker is robbed of the most essential objects both in life and the aims of achieving her career goals. In reality, work itself becomes a thing of which he can take possession only with the greatest effort and that he can take possession only with the greatest eff ort and with most unpredictable interruptions. In most cases, the appropriation of the object appear as the alienation that the more objects the workers produces, the fewer he can own and the more he falls under the domination of his product, of capital.In labor alienation, the worker is related to the product of his labor as to an actual alien object. According to this principle, the more the laborer exerts himself, the poorer his inner world become, and the less there is that belongs to him from his labor. In most cases the worker commits himself in the production of the commodity; finally the products no longer owned by him but to the objective. At times, the more the effort the worker, the more, poorer he becomes. What the product of his hand is he is not. The more the value of the products produced the poorer the worker. In the process of externalization of the product makes the work to be an object, that is an external existence, and it exists outside the worker independently, an autonomous power, an alien, and opposed to the worker. The life given to an object conflicts the worker as a hostile and an alien (Marx,1844).When the worker is forced by compulsion of economic necessity to go to work as a factory worker, he does not only experience himself as unfree but also does not identify himself even halfheartedly with his labor role. Externalization and estrangement are consequences of social structures that oppress people, denying them their essential humanity. Alienation is am objective condition inherent in the social and economic arrangements of capitalism. All the forms of production result in objectification, a process in which people manufacture goods that embody their imaginative talents yet come to set apart from their producers (Marx,1844). Under capitalism, the fruits of production belong to the employers, who expropriate the surplus created by others and in so doing generate alienated labor. Alienation of the worker from the product itself mak es the act of production to become meaningless activity; hence it offers little or no intrinsic satisfaction. At times alienation affects the state of the mind and it brings about the feelings of powerlessness, discontent, and isolation at work especially when it takes place within the context of large, interpersonal, bureaucratic social organization.Alienation of labor makes a worker to become a slave to his objects, in that first he gets an article of labor that is, he gets labor, and secondly, he also receives the means of subsistence. The first one enables him to exist as a worker and the second as a physical subject. The terminus of this slavery is that he can only maintain himself as a physical subject so far as he is a worker, and only as a physical of the worker. Estranged labor turns manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s being both environment and his religious species possessions, into a being strange to him, into a way to his personality reality, it estranges manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s individual body fr om him, as it does exterior nature and his religious essence, his human being (Marx, 1844).Externalization of labor makes the worker not to be part of his nature-and not to affirm himself to his work but deny himself, it makes him to feel miserable and unhappy, and he develops no free material and mental power but mortifies his flesh and ruins his brains. The worker feels at ease at the time he is only outside work, and during work he is outside himself. He feels to be at home when he is not working and at the time...

French Surname Meanings and Origins

Coming from the medieval French word surnom, which translates as above-or-over name, descriptive surnames names trace their use in France back to 11th century when it first became necessary to add a second name to distinguish between individuals with the same given name. Even so, the use of surnames did not become common for several centuries. Patronymic Matronymic Surnames Based on a parent’s name, patronyms and matronyms are the most common method by which French last names were constructed. Patronymic surnames are based on the fathers name and matronymic surnames on the mothers name. The mothers name was usually used only when the fathers name was unknown. Patronymic and matronymic surnames in France were formed in several different ways. The majority of French patronymic and matronymic surnames have no identifying prefix and are direct derivations of the parents given name, such as August Landry, for August, son of Landri, or Tomas Robert, for Tomas, son of Robert. The typical format of attaching a prefix or suffix meaning son of (e.g., de, des, du, lu,  or  the Norman fitz) to a given name was less common in France than in many European countries, although still prevalent. Examples include Jean de Gaulle, meaning John, son of Gaulle, or Tomas FitzRobert, or Tomas, son of Robert. Suffixes meaning little son of (-eau, -elet, -elin, -elle, -elet, and so forth) were also used. Occupational Surnames Also very common among French surnames, occupational last names are based on the person’s job or trade, such as Pierre Boulanger or Pierre, the baker. Several common occupations found prevalently as French surnames include Caron (cartwright), Fabron (blacksmith), and  Pelletier (fur trader). Descriptive Surnames Based on a unique quality of the individual, descriptive French surnames were often developed from nicknames or pet names, such as Jacques Legrand, for Jacques, the Big. Other common examples include Petit (small) and LeBlanc (blonde hair or fair complexion). Geographical Surnames Geographical or habitational French surnames are based on a person’s residence, often a former residence (for example, Yvonne Marseille means Yvonne from the village of Marseille). They may also describe the individuals specific location within a village or town, such as Michel Là ©glise, who lived  next to the church.  The prefixes de, des, du, and le (which translate to of) are also used in French geographical surnames.   Alias Surnames or Dit Names In some areas of France, a second surname may have been adopted to distinguish between different branches of the same family, especially when the families remained in the same town for generations. These alias surnames can often be found preceded by the word dit. Sometimes an individual even adopted the dit name as the family name and dropped the original surname. This practice was most common in France among soldiers and sailors. French Names With Germanic Origins As so many French surnames are derived from first names, its important to know that many common French first names have Germanic origins. However, these names became part of French culture as a result of German invasions, so having a name with Germanic origins does not necessarily mean you have German ancestors. Official Name Changes in France Beginning in 1474, those who wished to change their names were required to get permission from the King. (These official name changes can be found indexed in L Archiviste Jà ©rà ´me. Dictionnaire des changements de noms de 1803–1956 (Dictionary of changed names from 1803 to 1956). Paris: Librairie Francaise, 1974.) 100 Common French Surnames and their Meanings Abadie (abbey or family chapel)Alarie (all-powerful)Allard (noble)Anouilh (slow worm)Archambeau (bold, daring)Arsenault (gun maker, keeper of the arsenal)Auclair (clear)Barbeau (a type of fish, fisherman)Barbier (barber)Bassett (low, short, or of humble origins)Baudelaire (small sword, dagger)Beauregard (beautiful outlook)Beausoleil (beautiful sun, a sunny place)Bellamy (beautiful friend)Berger (shepherd)Bisset (weaver)Blanchet (blond, pure)Bonfils (good son)Boucher (butcher)Boulanger (baker)Brun (dark hair or complexion)Camus (snub-nosed, shirt-maker)Carpentier (carpenter)Carre (square)Cartier (transporter of goods)Chapelle (near the chapel)Charbonnier (who sells or makes charcoal)Chastain (chestnut tree)Chatelain (constable, prison warder from the Latin word  castellum, meaning â€Å"watchtower†)Chevalier (knight, horseman)Chevrolet (keeper of goats)Corbin (crow, little raven)De la Cour (of the court)De la Croix (of the cross)De la Rue (of the street)Desjardins (from the g ardens)Donadieu/Donnadieu (â€Å"given to God,† this name was often bestowed on children who became priests or nuns, or were orphaned with unknown parentage.)Dubois (by the woods or forest)Dupont (by the bridge)Dupuis (by the well)Durand (enduring)Escoffier (to dress)Farrow (ironworker)Fontaine (well or fountain)Forestier (keeper of the king’s forest)Fortier (stronghold/fort or someone who works there)Fortin (strong)Fournier (communal baker)Gagneux (farmer)Gagnon (guard dog)Garcon (boy, servant)Garnier (keeper of the granary)Guillaume (from William, meaning strength)Jourdain (one who descends)Laferriere (near an iron mine)Lafitte (near the border)Laflamme (torchbearer)Laframboise (raspberry)Lagrange (who lived near a granary)Lamar (the pool)Lambert (bright land or lamb herder)Lane (wool or wool trader)Langlois (Englishman)Laval (of the valley)Lavigne (near the vineyard)Leclerc (clerk, secretary)Lefebre (craftsman)Legrand (large or tall)Lemaitre (master craftsman)Lenoir (black, dark)Leroux (redheaded)Leroy (the king)Le Sueur (one who sews, cobbler, shoemaker)Marchand (merchant)Martel (blacksmith)Moreau (dark-skinned)Moulin (mill or miller)Petit (small or slender)Picard (someone from Picard)Poirier/Poirot (near a pear tree or orchard)Pomeroy (apple orchard)Porcher (swineherd).Proulx (brave, valiant)Remy (oarsman or cure/remedy)Richelieu (place of wealth)Roche (near a rocky hill)Sartre (tailor, someone who sews clothing)Sergeant (one who serves)Serrurier (locksmith)Simon (one who listens)Thibaut (brave, bold)Toussaint (all saints)Travers (near the bridge or ford)Vachon (cowherd)Vaillancourt (low-lying farm)Vercher (farmland)Verne (alder tree)Vieux (old)Violette (violet)Voland (one who flies, agile)

Hurricane Katrin A Horrific Day For The City Of New Orleans

August 29, 2005, was a horrific day for the city of New Orleans. That day was when the deadly storm Hurricane Katrina hit the city of New Orleans. It was one of the worst hurricanes in the United States history. On August 28, 2005, Katrina was upgraded to a category five hurricane, which is the worst category that a hurricane can be named. A category five hurricane means catastrophic damage will occur since the wind was going 157 miles per hour or higher. Ray Nagin the mayor of New Orleans called for the first mandatory evacuation of the city and he announced that the Superdome were some of the places that were listed as places as shelters for people who cannot leave. After the hurricane hit the city of New Orleans, the city was†¦show more content†¦New Orleans had a huge poverty problem and the hurricane made it worst for the poor people. New Orleans was one of the poorest cities in the United States even before Katrina. Even the police department had been in tons of tro ubles before Katrina. The NOPD has had a terrible reputation for years. In April 1996, NOPD officer Len Davis was imprisoned for killing a person who was complaining about police brutality. Another NOPD officer was involved in a robbery that left three dead including a police officer. From the years, 1995 to 1997 more than 500 police officers were being investigated and more than a 100 officers were fired. Even before Katrina happened the rate of murders went up twenty percent from the year before. The NOPD were not properly run before Hurricane Katrina and they were not properly run after Hurricane Katrina hit the city of New Orleans. After Katrina hit the city of New Orleans, it turns the city into a hopeless place to be. Eighty percent of the city was flooded and some parts of the city were fifteen under water. During the aftermath of the hurricane, there were tons of looting, shootings, murders, and rapes. Some of those events took place in the Superdome where people live before and after the hurricane hit the city since they were not able to leave the city beforehand. A lot of people lost their homes. Also, local business was destroyed. There were people sitting on their rooftops since their homes were under water and they were

Arab music Essay Example For Students

Arab music Essay The word music comes from the Greek word Mousiki which means the science of composing melodies. Ilm al-musiqa was the name given by the Arabs to the Greek theory of music as to distinguish it from ilm al-ghinaa, the Arabian theory. The Arab music tradition developed in the courts of dynasties in the Islamic Empire from the seventh to the thirteenth century. It flourished during the Umayyad dynasty in the seventh and eighth centuries in Syria. Although the major writings of Arab music appeared after the spread of the Islamic religion in the beginning of the seventh century, the music tradition had already begun. Before the spread of Islam, Arab music incorporated music traditions of the Sassanid dynasty (224-651) in Persia and the early Byzantine empire (fourth to sixth century) and of sung poetry from the Arabian Peninsula. Arab music is created using non-harmonized melodic and rhythmic systems. Arabic melodies draw from a vast array of models, or melodic modes, known as maqamat. Ara bic books on music include as many as 52 melodic modes, of which at least 12 are commonly used. These modes feature more tones than are present in the Western musical system, including notably smaller intervals that are sometimes called microtones, or half-flats and half-sharps. Arab melodies frequently use the increased second interval, an interval larger than those of most Western melodies. The sound of Arab music is richly melodic and offers freedom for subtle nuance and creative diversity. The rhythmic structure of Arab music is also complex. Rhythmic patterns have up to forty-eight beats and typically include several downbeats (called dums) as well as upbeats (called taks) and rests. To grasp a rhythmic mode, the listener must hear a relatively long pattern. Moreover, the performers do not simply play the pattern; they decorate and elaborate upon it. Often the pattern is recognizable only by the arrangement of downbeats. The order of these systems of melody and rhythm is essential to the composition and performance of Arab music. Students learn pieces of music, both songs and instrumental works, but rarely perform them exactly as they were originally composed or presented. In Arab tradition, a good musician is someone who can offer something new in each performance by varying and improvising on known pieces or models in a fashion similar to that of musicians. The creations of musicians can be lengthy, extending ten-minute compositions into hour-long performances that bear only a skeletal resemblance to the models. The style of the new works traditionally depends upon the response of the audience. Listeners are expected to react during the performance, either verbally or with applause. Quiet is interpreted as disinterest or dislike. The audience members, in this tradition, are active participants in determining the length of the performance and in shaping the piece of music by encouraging musicians to either repeat a section of the piece or to move to the next section. Instruments typically used in an Arab musical performance include the ud, a prototype of the European lute, and the nay, an end-blown reed flute. Frame drums, with or without jingles, and hourglass-shaped drums are common percussion instruments. These instruments vary in name and shape depending upon the region of their origin. Double-reed instruments of varying sizes, such as the Lebanese mijwiz and the Egyptian mizmar, are played at outdoor celebrations. The Arab rababah, a spike fiddle, may have been the prototype for the European violin, which is now also found in many Arab regions. Solo performance consisting of the interactive invention of good music with an appreciative audience represents a peak of musical accomplishment for the instrumentalist similar to that which the singing of poetry represents for the vocalist. In a taqsim, a form of instrumental improvisation, the instrumentalist chooses a melodic mode, offers interpretation of the mode, and in pitch, and modulates to other modes. Eventually the instrumentalist descends to close in the original mode. Musical accomplishment lies in the musicians technical virtuosity, creativity, and subtlety in suggesting other modes, other compositions, or even the music of other artists. .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .postImageUrl , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:hover , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:visited , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:active { border:0!important; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:active , .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867 .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue33e082033a22d13e5a2f43b7b731867:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Clean Well Lighted Place Analysis EssayPerformances considered traditionalwhether they are neoclassical events in concert halls, entertainment in hotels, or television programmesusually include both song and instrumental performances, although often not played in unison, that last about an hour and are arranged to reach a high peak in a vocal performance. Such collections of piecesmetrical and non-metrical, vocal and instrumental, simple and complex, and often unified by modeare central to Arab music.Examples include the North African nawbah, thought to have originated in Andaluca, and the eastern Mediterranean waslah musical forms, which were previously the standard of entertainment for small gatherings of elite Arab men. While the general principles have remained the same, the tradition of Arab music has changed throughout the centuries. Distinctive local practices have evolved and become important to the cultural identity of their respective societies. For example, the North African cities of Fs, Tlemcen, Tetuan, and Tunis have distinct versions of the Andalusian nawbah that help define local culture and are closely associated with the histories of their regions.Melodic modes of the same name are tuned slightly differently in Syria, Egypt, Iraq, and the countries of North Africa. Music of these regions is distinguishable by pitch. Rhythmic modes also have varying articulations in different locales, and the styles of melodies and renditions differ. Sung poetry, particularly informal verse, changes with local dialects. The Iraqi maqam is not simply a melodic mode, but an unfolding of pieces in a particular mode. The word maqam in Iraq carries a me aning closer to that of waslah or nawbah than it does maqam in other places. Because of the absence of recording or notation until the 20th century, it is impossible to be certain of the age of the melodies. Particular melodies, specifically those of Andalusian or Syrian muwashshahat, may be centuries old, but it is highly unlikely that they have remained exactly the same throughout the years. Widely known musical pieces of early times were probably subject to reinterpretation at different places throughout history. Bibliography: